Linux's case-sensitive filesystems have long been seen as essential to the reliability and security of our much-loved OS. Still, recent discussions , led by Linus Torvalds' opposition to case insensitivity, highlight potential dangers associated with deviating from this norm. While case-insensitive filesystems may be prevalent elsewhere (such as Windows or macOS), their insensitivity can introduce security flaws that lead to filename ambiguities, privilege escalation risks, and path traversal exploits, creating opportunities for malicious actors in otherwise mundane operations.

Source: Understanding the Linux Filesystem Case Sensitivity Debate